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Stolen Data 8.adf
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TEXT
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ABOUTLITERAL2
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ABOUTLITERAL2
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1989-08-16
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8KB
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290 lines
@^
@f01@t4THE MAIN TECHNICAL DEVICES TO READ,
@f01@t4WRITE AND UNDERSTAND TEXTS.
@t5@f00By RokDaZone
@f00@t61@f00@t5.POEM ( -> fictional )
@f00@t6- TYPES:@f00@t5 narrative, descriptive,
reflective, didactic, lyricpoems -
arrangement in Stanzas, Lines and Feet
( -> unit ofsyllables )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Rhyme a) endrhyme, internal rhyme or
free verse b) endstopped line or
enjambement
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Rhyme Scheme = Regarding
theendrhyme: aab, ccd, ...
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Rhythm = The FLOW OF SPEECH caused
by the arrangement of stressed and
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@t5unstressed syllables ( e.g. jambic )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Sonnet = CLASSIC/BAROQUE style of
poem, arranged in 14 lines with 5 feet
each ( octave + sestet ).
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 using ->Repetition ->Imagery ->
Humour Poems will make the reader
being sensitised,because he expects
more than the simple meaning of the
words he reads. Every single
composition, word or arrangement has
its special meaning.
@f00@t62. PLOT@f00@t5
The order in which tension is aroused
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@t5and actions are presented.
@f00@t61.@f00@t5 Exposition (Scenary, setting,
properties and conflict)
@f00@t62.@f00@t5 Rising Action (increase of the
suspense;conflict intensifies)
@f00@t63.@f00@t5 Climax ( The conflict is most
intense)
@f00@t64.@f00@t5 Turning-Point (change in
suspense/conflict )
@f00@t65.@f00@t5 Falling Action (reduction of the
suspense )
@f00@t66.@f00@t5 Solution / Open ending (Guess it
yourselves!)
@f00@t63.@f00@t5 ARGUMENTATION = ( Text Type )
@^
@f00@t5dealing with controversial matter,
written in a persuasive style.
@f00@t64.@f00@t5 NARRATION/ NARRATIVE ( ->
NARRATOR) = ( Text Type ) presenting
actions/events in ->Temporal Order
novels; short stories; reports
@f00@t6PRESENTATION
- Mode:
@f00@t5a) Interiour monologue = verbal
reproduction of a single character
feelings and thoughts. b) Panoramic =
story told as a condensed series of
events. c) Scenic = an incident is
shown in detail.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Atmosphere : the mood created by
the author to evoke emotions.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Characterisation : explicit =
@#
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@f00@t5information about the character is
given directly by the author
(stagedirections) implicit = The
audience is suppossed to find out
itself about the characters traits.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Setting : way of presenting
surroundings.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Suspense : The feeling of tension
that is created.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Tone : The attitude of the author
as reflected in the text
@f00@t66. FICTION
- @f00@t5 The author creates his own world,
that is to be regarded at as reality
by his audience ( in novels, short
stories, dramas, poems ).
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Comedy = Drama dealing with light
topics e.g criticism/entertaiment
@^
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Fable = animals are personified
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Parable = story about particular
events to express a statement about
human behaviour.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Parody = imitation of well known
pieces
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Satire = to make things appear
ridiculous
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Utopia = an ideal world is created
@f00@t67. NON-FICTION
= @f00@t5referation to real persons,events
or places
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Comments ( -> to convince reader ):
a) Leading Article = written by the
main-editor b) Letters to the Editor =
written by any reader
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Reports ( -> "Five-W" answering text
@#
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@t5about events; -->descriptive ): a)
feature story = appeals to
emotions/arouses human interest b)
news story = A news story is based on
facts. e.gInterpretive N.S. =
story-like elements.
@f00@t68. ORDERS
- @f00@t5Chronological = action presented as
it occured -->Temporal
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Contrastive = structure according to
contrasts
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Climactic = structure according to
importance
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Dialectical = thesis, antithesis,
synthesis
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Listing = "First" "Then" "Finally"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Temporal = structure according to
relation of time
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Topical = the text is being devided
@^
@f00@t5into main topics subtopics with
following logical categories.
@f00@t69. REPETITION
- @f00@t5 Alliteration = repetition of
consonants: "Size of Small Spades"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Anaphora = repetition of words at
neighbouring sentences: "Still, we
have... " "Still, it is..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Assonance = repetition of similar
vowels: "nOwhere to go..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Parallelism = repetition of
structures in neighbouring sentences:
"We have to face..."
@f00@t610. IMAGERY
@f00@t5( Image = vivid mental picture to
appeal to emotions )
@#
@^
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Allusion = reference to wellknown
things,persons or ideas: "In GOD we
trust..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Connotation = beyond dictionary
meaning -->figurative
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Denotation = dictionary meaning
-->literal
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Metaphors = linking unlike things,
the linked things are one: the Snow
of his Hair..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Personification = things/ideas are
presented as human beings
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Similes = comparing unlike things
with "like" or "as": "His Hair was
like snow..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Symbols = objects are standing for
abstracts ideas: 'Statue of Liberty'
as a sign for liberty.
@f00@t611. COMEDY /HUMOUR
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- @f00@t5Caricature = one-sided overemphasis
@f00@t6- @f00@t5Exaggeration = strong overstatement
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Irony = amuse, mock
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Paradox = contradictionary
statement, hiding truth
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Pun = play of words:
"Hide-and-Speak"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Sarcasm = bitter/aggressive humour.
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Understatement = opposite of -->
exaggeration
@f00@t612. VOCABULARY
- @f00@t5Attitudinal = attitude is expressed:
"Simply...", "Honestly..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Didactic = used to teach a lesson
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Euphemism = used to display sth.
better than it is
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Intensifying = used to stress:
"Indeed...", "Particulary..."
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Rhetorical = selfanswering: "Is
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@f00@t5white a colour?"
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Technical = Expressing knowledge in
a special field
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Moral = lesson taught by a
-->didactic text
@f00@t6STEPS TO ANALYSE / WRITE AN
ARGUMENTATION...
- @f00@t5Points to consider when analysing:
a) Is the Headline
informative/shocking/amusing? b) What
are the opposing views? c) Who are
addressee(s)? How should be their
reaction? d) How much background
information is needed/given? e) Give
the topic in ONE sentence... f)
Evidences/Structure? g) What
conclusion is the author drawing?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Structure when writing an
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@f00@t5Argumentation (also --> Evaluation ):
a) Firstly, introduce the thesis that
can not be accepted b) Give a personal
antithesisintroduced by contrastive
signals or viewpoint expressions. c)
Support your antithesis by evidences
of personal or general experiences or
norms. d) Using: clauses of reason =
"since.."; "as.."; "because.."
consessive clauses = "although..."
conditional clauses = "if...";
"unless..." causal expressions = "This
is why..." e) Conclusion (containing
-->Evaluation )
@f00@t614. STEPS TO ANALYSE POEMS...
- @f00@t5Introduction
( title, Poet, topic, background )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Type of poem ( Evidences )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Structure ( stanzas, lines, metre,
feet )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Sentences ( long / short,main /
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@f00@t5 subordinate clauses Sentence-pattern )
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Devices
( -->Repetition -->Imagery -->Rhyme)
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 Poets intention
( tone, atmosphere; How do the
devices support the poets purpose?)
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 >Evaluation
@f00@t615. POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN ANALYSING
NON-FICTIONAL TEXTS
- @f00@t5 What is the writers intention
/attitude?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 What are his presuppositions towards
his reader(s)?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 What is his code ( = his variant of
language ) like?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 What are the reader(s) expectations
/presuppositions/attitude/code?
@f00@t6-@f00@t5 What is the medium ( kind of
article) and the subject matter?
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